DinoVerse Β· Dinosaur fact sheet
Ankylosaurs

Ankylosaurus

Say it: an-KY-loh-SORE-us  Β·  Name means: β€œFused lizard”

Scientific life reconstruction of Ankylosaurus: A profile view reconstruction of the dinosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris
Key facts about Ankylosaurus
⏳ Lived68–66 million years ago
Late Cretaceous
🌿 DietHerbivore (plant-eater)
πŸ“ Length6–8 m (20–26 ft)
↕️ Height1.4–1.7 m (5–6 ft)
βš–οΈ Weight4,800–8,000 kg (10,580–17,640 lb)
πŸ“ Found inNorth America
πŸ”Ž Discovered1908 by Barnum Brown

About Ankylosaurus

Ankylosaurus was covered in bony armour like a walking tank and had a heavy club on the end of its tail. It lived alongside T. rex.

Ankylosaurus was the largest known ankylosaurid, living in western North America at the very end of the Cretaceous. It is known only from partial skeletons, but these show a broad, armoured skull, bony plates set in the skin, and a stiff tail ending in a large bony club.

How big was it?

Ankylosaurus: ~7.0 m longPerson 1.7 m Β· School bus 12 m
Compare with other dinosaurs β†’

Drawn to scale next to a 1.7 m adult and a 12 m school bus.

Did you know?

  1. Ankylosaurus was about as long as a school bus β€” but much lower and wider!
  2. Even its eyelids had bony armour.
  3. Its tail club was made of fused bones and could swing hard enough to break a bone.
  4. It lived at the same time as T. rex and Triceratops.
  1. The tail club was supported by interlocking vertebrae and bony tendons that made the end of the tail a rigid handle; studies of club size suggest large clubs could deliver bone-breaking blows.
  2. A 2022 study of the closely related Zuul found damaged and healed armour on its flanks, suggesting ankylosaurids also used their clubs against each other, not just predators.
  3. Its nasal passages loop through the skull; possible roles include warming and moistening air, saving water, and acting as a resonating chamber for calls.
  4. No complete Ankylosaurus skeleton has been found, so its exact length and weight are estimated from relatives like Euoplocephalus, which is why ranges are wide.
DinoVerse Β· Ankylosaurus fact sheet
Ankylosaurs

🌿 What did it eat?

Food: ferns, low shrubs, flowering plants, possibly fruit.

Cropped low plants with a wide, beaked snout, taking big mouthfuls, and pulped them with small, leaf-shaped teeth.

Clues scientists use: small leaf-shaped teeth; wide muzzle for bulk feeding; low body and head position.

Who might have hunted it: Tyrannosaurus rex.

πŸ—ΊοΈ Where fossils were found

  • Hell Creek Formation, Montana, USA (North America)
  • Lance Formation, Wyoming, USA (North America)
  • Scollard Formation, Alberta, Canada (North America)
Skull of Ankylosaurus: An Ankylosaurus head (cast of specimen AMNH 5214), on display at the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Montana. This is from a specimen collected in Custer Coun
Skull of Ankylosaurus: An Ankylosaurus head (cast of specimen AMNH 5214), on display at the Museum of the…

Myth or fact?

βœ— Myth: The tail club was a bony ball on the end of a floppy tail.

βœ“ Fact: The last part of the tail was stiffened by locked-together bones and ossified tendons, making a strong, rigid handle for the club.

βœ— Myth: Ankylosaurus is known from lots of complete skeletons.

βœ“ Fact: Only a few partial skeletons, skulls and pieces of armour have been found; many full reconstructions borrow details from its relatives.

✏️ Quick quiz

Circle the right answer. Name: ______________________

  1. What did Ankylosaurus have at the end of its tail?

    • A A stinger
    • B Four spikes
    • C A bony club
    • D A fin
  2. What does 'Ankylosaurus' mean?

    • A Roof lizard
    • B Fused lizard
    • C Tyrant lizard
    • D Northern shield
  3. Which predator lived at the same time as Ankylosaurus?

    • A Tyrannosaurus rex
    • B Allosaurus
    • C Dimetrodon
    • D Liopleurodon

Answers: 1–C 2–B 3–A

Sources and picture credits